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The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 was the result of such a conference in international litigation as was the settlement in 1815 through the Congress of Vienna and the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. There were other conferences such as the Congress of Berlin of 1871 and the Hague Conferences of 1899 and 1907 which concerned other matters than peace. Conferences were convened to solve problems on a multilateral basis. The result of the conference would generally be a formal treaty or convention or, where such an agreement was not desirable or obtainable, a memorandum or minutes of the conference in regalo mamma.